From an Editor's Desk: FLASHBACKS
“When you reach a moment of truth in such a story, you realize that that literary instant results from a confluence of a hundred facts and circumstances you’ve read earlier in the story. Every iota is a related, orderly part of a whole that cannot be taken out without damaging the overall structure. When you read a work that gives you this feeling, you know it was written by a master of transition.” James V. Smith, Jr.
Flashbacks are brief scenes of past events that take place before the main action of the novel. They’re used to explain motivations, character histories, background influences, or information that cannot be told during the linear sequence of a story. If a character is an adult when the novel begins, flashbacks are sometimes necessary to reveal how she or he evolved. The best flashbacks are small scenes, whole and sensory.
TECHNIQUES: The most effective flashbacks have a catalyst or device—a song, place, person, a sensory stimulation, an event that plunges the character into a memory. The key to writing flashbacks is that they must be integrated into the plot, while casting light on an issue or character. Make the transition in and out of the flashback graceful. Use the past perfect tense (had been) as a doorway to the past, a signal to readers that you’re moving backward in time. Once it’s clear to the reader that you’ve returned in time, write in the simple past tense ore present tense if appropriate. When you’re ready to rejoin the story, use another doorway or device to slip into the present again—an unusual word, event, sensory awareness, object.
TIPS:
· Remember, no matter how intriguing, flashbacks stop the story, so use sparingly.
· Consider using flashbacks to prolong the outcome, milk the suspense, or slow the pace.
· Flashbacks are best introduced during lulls in the story or when a character is alone as a good means to enliven a static scene.
· Make certain that the flashback is memorable.
· Bring the reader back to the present through the same doorway that you left it.
· Don’t solely rely on flashbacks to fill in back story. There are often more effective and artful ways of revealing information.
· Avoid jumping from one flashback directly into another.
· Create clear transitions so that the reader is never lost or confused.
· If your story is written in the present tense, write the flashback in the past tense. If the story is written in the past tense, the flashback should start in past perfect, then slip into past tense.
· If most of the story is about a character’s past, use a frame structure which is essentially one long flashback.
· Never use flashbacks in climatic scenes.
· Do not use flashback solely to characterize and thus replace dramatic scenes.
· Be brief. Illustrate the information, then quickly return to the story.







